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Captain Cook, Hawaii Vacation Rental Houses and Condos.

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The Island of Hawai‘i (called the Big Island or Hawai‘i proper) is one of eight main islands that make up the U.S. State of Hawai‘i. It is said to have been named after Hawai‘iloa, a legendary Polynesian navigator who first discovered the Hawaiian Islands. However, other accounts attribute the name to the legendary land or realm of Hawaiki, or Havaiki, a place from which the Polynesians originated (see also Manu‘a), the place where they go in the afterlife, the realm of the Gods.

On the Big Island is the Hilina Slump or the Great Crack. It is an 8 mile long, 60 feet wide and 60 feet deep crack in the island, situated in the district of Ka'û. The Great Crack is one of many series of cracks and rifts that was formed by eruptions and, in fact, is an extension of the southwest rift zone. Often these rifts are the sites of volcanic eruptions and occasionally a rift can be so deep and so fractured that it can cause a chunk of the island to fall into the ocean.

Some believe that the Great Crack is a result of the south flank of the Big Island moving away from the rest of the island. Speculation abounds that someday, perhaps soon, a major chunk of the island will break away and fall into the ocean, along with the resulting huge tsunami and earthquake. This actually does happen every ten thousand years or so, so it is not outside the realm of possibility. Others believe the Great Crack is not a fault that will break the island apart, but instead was created (probably thousands of years ago) as a result of the crust moving apart slightly due to magma forcing itself into the rift zones. The Great Crack has been measured and is tracked and there is no indication that it is enlarging in any way or that the island is shifting near this point. Furthermore, the walls of the crack have been shown to fit together perfectly, thus proving that the crack was a widening of once joined ground.

One can find trails, rock walls, and archaeological sites from as old as the 12th century around the Great Crack. Much of these finds are on the park side of the fence. About 1,951 acres of private land beyond the fence was purchased during the Clinton administration specifically to protect the various artifacts in this area as well as to protect the habitat of the turtles. However, near the end of the crack is an area of land between the fence, the crack and the ocean which is not part of the park land and does have many archaeological artifacts on it.

The Big Island is famous for its volcanoes. Kîlauea, the most active, has been erupting almost continuously for more than two decades.

At the coast where the lava meets the ocean, one can sometimes see billows of white steam rising from off the shoreline. At night, the lava lights up the steam to give an orange glow. When the molten lava makes contact with the ocean, the sea water turns into steam, and the sudden cooling of the lava causes the newly formed lava rocks to explode and crack into small pieces. The broken up lava is further ground into black sands along the shore by the ocean waves. Black sand beaches are common on the Big Island.

Source: Wikipedia, the free online encyclopedia.